Cancer related information often presents the idea of risk. In generic terms, risk can be described as the probability of an event’s occurrence. If we talk in terms of cancer, risk would mean the chances that an individual will develop cancer, benefit from treatment, or experience a recurrence (in case the cancer returns after successful treatment). Studies that evaluate risk are generally undertaken over a specific period of time. For instance, if a study is undertaken to measure the total number of men who will develop prostate cancer over a period of five years, the specific results will only be applicable to risk over a period of five years.
Information related to risk enables oncologists (doctors who treat individuals diagnosed with cancer) and researchers to chalk out treatment plans and improve the health of a number of individuals. For instance, the knowledge that individuals who smoke face an increased risk of lung cancer as compared to individuals who do not smoke, was the underlying factor that prompted a worldwide campaign to reduce the total number of smokers.
Risk factors
A risk factor can be anything that increases an individual’s probability of developing cancer. Certain risk factors are controllable, for instance smoking, whereas others are not, for example, age and family history. While it is true that risk factors influence the onset of cancer, most of these do not directly cause cancer. There have been instances where certain individuals with multiple risk factors had not developed cancer, and those without any known risk factors were diagnosed with cancer. Nonetheless, understanding your specific risk factors and communicating the same to your doctor can enable you to make more informed healthcare and lifestyle choices.
It is important to understand your specific risk of cancer. Individuals who may have close relatives either diagnosed with cancer or may have died due to cancer (especially at a relatively younger age), face an increased risk of cancer. For instance, if the mother or sister of a woman had cancer, the risk for breast cancer will be twice as much, as compared to a similar woman who may not have the same type of family history. Screening tests can be beneficial for people with a history of breast cancer, especially when done at a relatively younger age and more frequently. Individuals belonging to families with a known genetic syndrome can opt for genetic testing. Your genetic counselor or doctor can help you in assessing your specific risks of developing cancer.
Risk information can also be used to assist people diagnosed with cancer to make decisions about their treatment. This would involve comparing the risks and benefits of available treatment options, for instance the effectiveness of treatment, the known side effects, and it’s affect on quality of life.
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